Agriculture34
- Amatelas FarmCourtesy of Oishii · Press kit, editorial use (opens oishii.com)Strawberry racks in Oishii's Amatelas Farm, Phillipsburg, NJ
- Amatelas Farm, how it worksCourtesy of Oishii · Press kit, editorial use (opens oishii.com)Robot arms moving along a rack of strawberry plants at an Oishii farm, where robots help pick and check the fruit
- Autonomy kits (8R, 9RX, 5ML)Courtesy of John Deere · Press kit, editorial use (opens deere.com)Autonomous 9RX tractor, from Deere's CES 2025 news release
- Autonomy kits (8R, 9RX, 5ML), how it worksPhoto: ASIrobots · CC BY-SA 3.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Two driverless tractors working vineyard rows in Texas (2012 trial): the same idea as Deere's autonomy kits, not Deere's own system
- Bonsai autonomy platformCourtesy of Bonsai Robotics · Press kit, editorial use (opens bonsairobotics.ai)Amiga Max with Bonsai autonomy spraying an apple orchard
- Bonsai autonomy platform, how it worksPhoto: Father of Nehrams2020 · CC BY-SA 3.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)A tree shaker gripping an almond trunk, before and during shaking: the kind of orchard machine Bonsai's camera kits steer, not Bonsai's own
- Boosted Breeding potatoes, how it worksPhoto: George Chernilevsky · Public domain (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Potato flowers: Ohalo edits the parent plants so the pollen and egg cells made in flowers like these carry a full set of DNA
- Carbon ATKCourtesy of Carbon Robotics · Press kit, editorial use (opens carbonrobotics.com)Tractor fitted with the Carbon Autonomy kit
- Carbon ATK, how it worksCourtesy of Carbon Robotics · Press kit, editorial use (opens carbonrobotics.com)A tractor with the Carbon kit preparing ground on its own: roof cameras and sensors steer it while staff watch remotely
- Carbon by IndigoCourtesy of Indigo Ag · Press kit, editorial use (opens indigoag.com)Carbon by Indigo app: drawing field boundaries to enroll
- Carbon by Indigo, how it worksPhoto: Oregon State University · CC BY-SA 2.0 (opens flickr.com)A soil core pulled from a field: measured samples like this, plus models, are how soil-carbon changes are estimated
- Conscious Greens, how it worksPhoto: Angphotorion · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Seedlings regrowing in jars of jelly-like nutrient: how a plant with one gene switched off is raised from edited cells, not Pairwise's lab
- Cultivated chickenCourtesy of UPSIDE Foods · Press kit, editorial use (opens upsidefoods.com)Fried chicken sandwich made with UPSIDE cultivated chicken
- Cultivated chicken, how it worksPhoto: RickLawless · CC BY 3.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Stainless-steel bioreactors at a university biomanufacturing centre: the kind of sealed, stirred tank where cultivated chicken cells grow
- Cultivated coho salmonPhoto: Wildtype · CC BY 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)
- Cultivated coho salmon, how it worksPhoto: Habin Zhang · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Glass lab bioreactors growing cells in nutrient broth: the same kind of vessel Wildtype uses for salmon cells, not its own
- Eat Just logoPhoto: JUST · Public domain (opens commons.wikimedia.org)
- GOOD MeatPhoto: Jpatokal · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)GOOD Meat cultivated chicken served in Singapore
- GOOD Meat, how it worksPhoto: CC1984USA · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)A lab stirred-tank bioreactor and its controller: the type of vessel where chicken cells are fed and multiplied, not Eat Just's own
- JUST EggPhoto: Mx. Granger · CC0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)
- JUST Egg, how it worksPhoto: Ivar Leidus · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Mung beans: JUST Egg is made from a protein extracted from these beans, which sets when heated much like egg white
- LaserWeederCourtesy of Carbon Robotics · Press kit, editorial use (opens carbonrobotics.com)LaserWeeder G2 600 and 200
- LaserWeeder, how it worksCourtesy of Carbon Robotics · Press kit, editorial use (opens carbonrobotics.com)A laser burst hitting a weed seedling between crop plants: the LaserWeeder kills weeds this way, one at a time
- MK-VPhoto: Dasubaco · CC0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)
- MK-V, how it worksPhoto: Kubota Deutschland Marketing Traktoren · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)A compact battery-electric tractor (Kubota LXe): the same electric-drive idea as the MK-V, which adds cameras so it can work without a driver
- Monarch Tractor logoPhoto: Monarch Tractor · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)
- PROVEN 40Courtesy of Pivot Bio · Press kit, editorial use (opens pivotbio.com)Equipment applying PROVEN 40 OS to seed
- PROVEN 40, how it worksCourtesy of Pivot Bio · Press kit, editorial use (opens pivotbio.com)A corn seed coated with PROVEN 40 OS: the nitrogen-making microbes ride on the seed and settle on the young roots
- See & SprayCourtesy of John Deere · Press kit, editorial use (opens deere.com)
- See & Spray, how it worksPhoto: Dirk Philipp / UA System Division of Agriculture · CC BY-SA 2.0 (opens flickr.com)A spray nozzle on a sprayer boom: See & Spray switches nozzles like this on and off one by one when its cameras spot a weed
- SEEDesign soybeans, how it worksPhoto: Syed Sajidul Islam · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Shoots growing from plant tissue in lab flasks: edited cells are regrown into plants this way before field testing, not Inari's lab
- Seedless, thornless blackberryCourtesy of Pairwise · Press kit, editorial use (opens pairwise.com)Pairwise's gene-edited compact blackberries
- Seedless, thornless blackberry, how it worksPhoto: Daderot · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Plantlets growing in sterile jars in a tissue-culture lab: gene-edited plant cells are regrown into whole plants this way, not Pairwise's lab
- Upside Foods logoPhoto: Unknown author Unknown author · Public domain (opens commons.wikimedia.org)
AI45
- AI Scientist platformCourtesy of FutureHouse · Press kit, editorial use (opens futurehouse.org)FutureHouse Platform interface at launch (2025, official screenshot)
- AI Scientist platform, how it worksPhoto: Pocar19 · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)A pipetting robot (Andrew+): the kind of lab automation that turns an AI-proposed experiment into a physical test
- AlphaFoldCourtesy of Google DeepMind · Press kit, editorial use (opens deepmind.google)AlphaFold-predicted protein structure bound to DNA (official image)
- AlphaFold, how it worksPhoto: CSIRO · CC BY 3.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Protein crystals grown for X-ray crystallography: the lab method behind the solved structures AlphaFold learned from
- Claude CodeCourtesy of Anthropic · Press kit, editorial use (opens claude.com)Claude Code running in a terminal (official product image)
- Claude Code, how it worksPhoto: Mohammad Rahmani · Unsplash License (opens unsplash.com)Code open on a developer's laptop: Claude Code runs in the terminal on the developer's own machine, reading and editing files like these
- Claude modelsCourtesy of Anthropic · Press kit, editorial use (opens claude.com)Claude mobile app answering with Sonnet 4.6 and app connectors (official screenshot)
- Claude models, how it worksPhoto: Tedder · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Amazon Web Services data centres in Oregon: Claude is trained and served on AWS and Google Cloud chips in campuses like this
- CodexCourtesy of OpenAI · Press kit, editorial use (opens openai.com)Official Codex interface image from the product page
- Codex, how it worksPhoto: Robert Scoble · CC BY 2.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Server aisle in a Microsoft data centre: each Codex cloud task runs in its own sandbox on servers like these
- ColossusCourtesy of xAI · Press kit, editorial use (opens x.ai)Colossus site in Memphis, Tennessee (aerial)
- Colossus, how it worksPhoto: Pokiiri · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)An NVIDIA HGX board with eight GPUs under their heatsinks: Colossus's servers are built from boards of this kind
- CursorCourtesy of Cursor (Anysphere) · Press kit, editorial use (opens cursor.com)Cursor 2.0 agent interface (official launch screenshot)
- Cursor, how it worksPhoto: Arnold Francisca · Unsplash License (opens unsplash.com)A code editor on a laptop: Cursor is a modified VS Code that predicts the next edit and runs an agent inside this kind of editor window
- DeepSeek-R1, how it worksPhoto: U.S. Department of Energy · Public domain (opens commons.wikimedia.org)An aisle of the Sierra GPU supercomputer (US): reasoning models like R1 are trained with reinforcement learning on clusters like this
- DeepSeek-V series, how it worksPhoto: Forschungszentrum Jülich · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)JUWELS in Germany, whose booster is built from NVIDIA A100 GPUs, the chip DeepSeek's earlier Fire-Flyer cluster also used
- Gemini, how it worksPhoto: Xpda · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Google's data centre campus in Mayes County, Oklahoma: Gemini is trained and served on TPU pods in buildings like these
- Genie world modelsCourtesy of Google DeepMind · Press kit, editorial use (opens deepmind.google)A world generated by Genie 3 (frame from an official demo)
- Genie world models, how it worksPhoto: Tony Webster · CC BY 2.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Google's data centre in The Dalles, Oregon: Genie is trained on Google's TPU fleet in buildings like this
- GPT modelsCourtesy of OpenAI · Press kit, editorial use (opens chatgpt.com)ChatGPT, which runs the GPT models (official product screenshot)
- GPT models, how it worksPhoto: Tedder · CC BY 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Microsoft Azure data centre in Wenatchee, Washington: GPT models are trained and served on cloud campuses like this
- gpt-oss, how it worksPhoto: Christian Wiediger · Unsplash License (opens unsplash.com)A GeForce RTX graphics card inside a desktop PC: the smaller gpt-oss model runs on a single consumer GPU like this
- Grok, how it worksPhoto: CSCS · CC BY-SA 3.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Open cabinets of GPU compute blades (the Alps supercomputer in Switzerland): Grok is trained on racks of this kind in Colossus
- Kimi modelsCourtesy of Moonshot AI · Press kit, editorial use (opens kimi.ai)A playable voxel-art Colosseum that Kimi K3 built (official launch demo)
- Kimi models, how it worksPhoto: ChrisDag · CC BY 2.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)GPU servers stacked in a rack: Kimi's trillion-parameter models are trained on NVIDIA GPU clusters built from machines like these
- LlamaCourtesy of Meta · Press kit, editorial use (opens about.fb.com)Meta AI on the web, built with Llama 4 (official screenshot, April 2025)
- Llama, how it worksCourtesy of Meta · Press kit, editorial use (opens about.fb.com)A technician cabling a server in a Meta data centre: Llama is trained and served on Meta's own fleet of machines like this
- Mistral Compute, how it worksPhoto: Gregory Rocher, Ifremer · CC BY 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)An NVIDIA DGX GPU server in Ifremer's Datarmor centre in Brest, France: the same class of hardware Mistral Compute fills its halls with
- Mistral models, how it worksPhoto: CSIRO · CC BY 3.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Racks of a GPU cluster (CSIRO, Australia): Mistral trains its models on NVIDIA GPU clusters of this kind
- Muse modelsCourtesy of Meta · Press kit, editorial use (opens about.fb.com)Meta AI app running Muse Spark (official screenshot)
- Muse models, how it worksCourtesy of Meta · Press kit, editorial use (opens about.fb.com)Fitting memory beside a processor on a Meta server board: Muse models run on Meta's in-house fleet of servers like this
- Prometheus and HyperionCourtesy of Meta · Press kit, editorial use (opens about.fb.com)Hyperion site in Richland Parish, Louisiana, under construction (2025)
- Prometheus and Hyperion, how it worksCourtesy of Meta · Press kit, editorial use (opens about.fb.com)Fibre network gear in a Meta data centre: links like these tie thousands of GPUs across buildings into one training job
- Qwen modelsCourtesy of Alibaba Qwen · Press kit, editorial use (opens qwen.ai)Qwen Chat app running a Qwen model (official product image)
- Qwen models, how it worksPhoto: PiDatacenters · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Rows of server racks in a data centre: Qwen's largest models are served from Alibaba Cloud halls of this kind
- SSI research programme, how it worksPhoto: Wvdp · CC0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Google's data centre in Eemshaven, Netherlands: SSI rents Google Cloud TPUs, which sit in campuses like this
- StargateCourtesy of OpenAI · Press kit, editorial use (opens openai.com)Flagship Stargate campus in Abilene, Texas
- Stargate, how it worksCourtesy of OpenAI · Press kit, editorial use (opens openai.com)Server racks and network cabling inside a Stargate data hall (OpenAI photo)
- Tensor Processing Unit (TPU)Photo: Norman P. Jouppi, George Kurian, Sheng Li, Peter Ma, Rahul Nagarajan, Lifeng Nai, Nishant Patil, Suvinay Subramanian, An · CC BY 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)TPU v4, an earlier generation
- Tensor Processing Unit (TPU), how it worksPhoto: Zinskauf · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)A TPU v3 board: four chips under copper water-cooling plates, with pipes carrying the coolant
- Thinking Machines Lab logoPublic domain (opens commons.wikimedia.org)White background removed
- Tinker, how it worksPhoto: Tyler · Unsplash License (opens unsplash.com)Cabled servers in a rack: Tinker runs your fine-tuning loop on its own GPU clusters, so you never manage machines like these
- VeoCourtesy of Google DeepMind · Press kit, editorial use (opens deepmind.google)Frame from a Veo-generated clip (official demo)
- Veo, how it worksPhoto: Chad Davis · CC BY 2.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Google's data centre in Council Bluffs, Iowa: Veo generates video on TPUs housed in campuses like this
- xAI logoPhoto: X.AI Corp. · Public domain (opens commons.wikimedia.org)
Aviation37
- ALIA CX300Photo: ZLEA · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)
- ALIA CX300, how it worksPhoto: ZLEA · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)The ALIA CX300 on the ground: a conventional long wing and runway takeoff, pushed by one battery-powered propeller at the tail
- Archer Aviation logoPhoto: Archer Aviation · Public domain (opens commons.wikimedia.org)
- EH216-SPhoto: David Perez · CC0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)An EH216 in Spanish police livery, 2022
- EH216-S, how it worksPhoto: David Perez · CC0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)One of the EH216's eight arms: two electric motors stacked, each spinning its own propeller, sixteen rotors in all and no wing
- EHang logoPhoto: Unknown author Unknown author · Public domain (opens commons.wikimedia.org)
- EL9Courtesy of Electra.aero · Press kit, editorial use (opens electra.aero)Render of the EL9 at Electra's hangar
- EL9, how it worksCourtesy of Electra.aero · Press kit, editorial use (opens electra.aero)Not the EL9: Electra's two-seat EL2 demonstrator lifting off from a small marked pad at Roanoke, its propellers blowing air over big wing flaps
- ES-36Photo: Patrik Tommy Olsson · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)The X1, Heart's ES-30 demonstrator, at its 2024 rollout
- ES-36, how it worksPhoto: Patrik Tommy Olsson · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Heart's X1, the full-size ES-30 prototype, in ground tests: four battery-powered electric motors turn the propellers on its high wing
- Joby S4Photo: Harlan Huntington · Public domain (opens commons.wikimedia.org)
- Joby S4, how it worksPhoto: NASA Armstrong Flight Research Center / NASA/Genaro Vavuris · Public domain (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Joby's S4 lifting off at NASA Armstrong: all six propellers point up to hover, then tilt forward so the wing carries it
- MidnightCourtesy of Archer Aviation · Press kit, editorial use (opens investors.archer.com)
- Midnight, how it worksCourtesy of Archer Aviation · Press kit, editorial use (opens investors.archer.com)Midnight in wing-borne flight over the UAE desert: the front propellers have tilted forward to pull, the rear lift rotors are stopped
- OverturePhoto: jabberwock · CC BY-SA 2.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Overture scale model at Brooklands Museum
- Overture, how it worksCourtesy of Boom Supersonic · Press kit, editorial use (opens boomsupersonic.com)Not Overture: Boom's one-third-scale XB-1 demonstrator, a carbon-composite jet with a long slender delta wing, the shape Overture scales up
- Platform 2 (P2)Photo: Roksenhorn · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Platform 1, the previous generation, launching in 2018
- Platform 2 (P2), how it worksPhoto: BrokenSegue · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)The P2 delivery droid: the pod that the hovering drone lowers on a tether, steering itself down with small fans onto a doorstep
- QuarterhorsePhoto: Hermeus · CC BY 2.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Early Quarterhorse prototype shown in 2021
- Quarterhorse, how it worksPhoto: Hermeus Corp · CC BY 2.0 (opens flickr.com)Hermeus's Chimera engine firing on a test stand: an off-the-shelf jet engine wrapped in a ramjet, the combination the Quarterhorse steps build toward
- RoadrunnerPhoto: Mztourist · CC BY 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Roadrunner on display at IDEX 2025
- Roadrunner, how it worksCourtesy of Anduril Industries · Press kit, editorial use (opens anduril.com)Roadrunner standing on its tail on landing legs: it takes off straight up on twin jet engines and, if not needed, flies back to land like this
- V-BATPhoto: U.S. Marine Corps photo by Lance Cpl. Manuel Alvarado · Public domain (opens commons.wikimedia.org)
- V-BAT, how it worksPhoto: Hunini · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)The tail end of a V-BAT: a small two-cylinder engine spins one fan inside a ring-shaped duct, which lifts it standing up and pushes it once it tips over
- VX4Photo: Colin Cooke Photo · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)
- VX4, how it worksPhoto: Oren Rozen · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)The VX4 seen from below in wing-borne flight: four front propellers tilted forward pull it, the four rear lift rotors are stopped and lined up to cut drag
- Wing delivery networkPhoto: kallerna · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)A Wing drone carrying a package in Helsinki, 2021
- Wing delivery network, how it worksPhoto: kallerna · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)A Wing drone hovering over a Helsinki park and lowering a parcel on a tether, so it never has to land
- Wing logoPhoto: Wing · Public domain (opens commons.wikimedia.org)
- Wisk Generation 6Photo: Airtaxis2030 · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)
- Wisk Generation 6, how it worksPhoto: ZLEA · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)A full-size Gen 6 mockup: twelve propellers on booms, the front six tilt forward for cruise, and the cabin has four seats and no pilot's controls
- X-BATPhoto: Silkoreo · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)X-BAT full-size mock-up at Eurosatory 2026
- X-BAT, how it worksPublic domain (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Not X-BAT: the 1950s Ryan X-13 Vertijet hovering on its jet, nose up, beside its launch trailer; X-BAT revives this tail-sitting jet idea
- YFQ-44A FuryPhoto: Artvill · CC BY 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Full-size YFQ-44A model at the 2025 Paris Air Show
- YFQ-44A Fury, how it worksPhoto: Jennifer Healy, U.S. Air Force · Public domain (opens commons.wikimedia.org)A pilotless YFQ-44A Fury firing an air-to-air missile over the Mojave in 2026: the uncrewed wingman carries weapons for the crewed jets it flies with
- ZA600Courtesy of ZeroAvia · Press kit, editorial use (opens zeroavia.com)ZeroAvia's Dornier 228 testbed, which flies the ZA600 prototype powertrain
- ZA600, how it worksCourtesy of ZeroAvia · Press kit, editorial use (opens zeroavia.com)Engineers at the open nacelle of ZeroAvia's Dornier 228 testbed: the electric motor that fuel-cell power drives, turning the propeller
Biotech40
- AlphaFold 3Courtesy of Isomorphic Labs / Google DeepMind · Press kit, editorial use (opens isomorphiclabs.com)Render: a protein-DNA structure from the official AlphaFold 3 announcement
- AlphaFold 3, how it worksPhoto: CSIRO · CC BY 3.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Protein crystals under the microscope: X-ray structures of crystals like these are the data AlphaFold learned 3D shapes from
- Beam Therapeutics logoPhoto: Beam Therapeutics · Public domain (opens commons.wikimedia.org)
- BEAM-302 (AATD), how it worksPhoto: Alexquaas · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Liver cells packed with stuck alpha-1 antitrypsin (pink-red globules): the misfolded protein BEAM-302's one-letter fix targets
- CagriSema, how it worksPhoto: HualinXMN · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)An Ozempic pen holding semaglutide, one of CagriSema's two ingredients; CagriSema is also a weekly under-the-skin shot
- Casgevy (exa-cel), how it worksPhoto: Karbohut · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)An electroporator: a short electric pulse opens cells so CRISPR can get in, the step used to edit Casgevy's stem cells outside the body
- Colossal Biosciences logoPhoto: Colossal Biosciences Inc. · Public domain (opens commons.wikimedia.org)
- CTX310 (ANGPTL3), how it worksPhoto: DiverDave · CC BY-SA 3.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Blood plasma clouded by fats (triglycerides): the blood fats CTX310 aims to lower by switching off ANGPTL3 in the liver
- Dire wolfCourtesy of Colossal Biosciences · Press kit, editorial use (opens colossal.com)Romulus and Remus on Colossal's preserve; image from Colossal's own news release
- Dire wolf, how it worksPhoto: Bill Abbott · CC BY-SA 2.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Dire wolf skulls from the La Brea tar pits: ancient bones like these are where dire wolf DNA is read from
- Drug design engine and pipeline, how it worksPhoto: North Sullivan Photography, CSIRO · CC BY 3.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Mounting a protein crystal for X-ray analysis: the kind of lab measurement that checks AI-designed drugs and trains the models
- Eli Lilly logoPhoto: Eli Lilly and Company, converted to PNG by Huwmanbeing · Public domain (opens commons.wikimedia.org)
- Evo genomic foundation models, how it worksPhoto: Fukumoto · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)NVIDIA H100 GPU boards inside a supercomputer: the same kind of chip the Evo 2 DNA models were trained on
- GB-0895 (anti-TSLP), how it worksPhoto: RickLawless · CC BY 3.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Steel bioreactors: antibodies like GB-0895 are made by cells growing in tanks like these
- Ginkgo Automation and DatapointsCourtesy of Ginkgo Bioworks · Press kit, editorial use (opens prnewswire.com)Ginkgo's Reconfigurable Automation Carts (RACs); photo from Ginkgo's official press release, linked from ginkgo.bio/resources/press
- Ginkgo Automation and Datapoints, how it worksPhoto: Richard Summers · CC BY-SA 3.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)A liquid-handling robot at the Sanger Institute: the kind of automated lab machine Ginkgo's robot carts link together
- Intellia Therapeutics logoPhoto: Intellia Therapeutics · Public domain (opens commons.wikimedia.org)
- Intismeran autogene (mRNA-4157/V940), how it worksPhoto: Magnus Manske · CC BY-SA 3.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)An Illumina DNA sequencer: machines like this read each patient's tumour DNA to pick the targets for their custom vaccine
- Lonvo-z (NTLA-2002), how it worksPhoto: Colin · CC BY 2.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)An IV drip bag and line: lonvo-z is given once, as a drip like this, and the liver takes up the editor from the blood
- ML-driven target discovery, how it worksPhoto: Yirui Sun · CC BY 4.0 (opens wellcomecollection.org)Neurons (green) grown from stem cells in a dish (rat cells): insitro grows patient-derived stem cells into neurons to study disease
- Moderna logoPhoto: Moderna · Public domain (opens commons.wikimedia.org)
- Nex-z (NTLA-2001), how it worksPhoto: Nephron · CC BY-SA 3.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Heart muscle clogged by amyloid under the microscope: the misfolded protein deposits that switching off TTR aims to stop
- Orforglipron (Foundayo)Courtesy of Eli Lilly and Company · Press kit, editorial use (opens lilly.com)Foundayo 0.8 mg bottle, official product image
- Orforglipron (Foundayo), how it worksPhoto: Hristo Boevski · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)An industrial tablet press: small-molecule pills like orforglipron are made on standard lines like this, not in peptide plants
- PM359 (CGD), how it worksPhoto: Volker Brinkmann · CC BY 2.5 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)A neutrophil (yellow) grabbing bacteria: the germ-killing white cells that PM359's edited stem cells should restore
- PM577a (Wilson disease), how it worksPhoto: Mikael Häggström · CC0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Human liver cells under the microscope: the cells that handle copper and that PM577a's prime editor is carried into
- Recursion OS and pipelineCourtesy of Recursion · Press kit, editorial use (opens recursion.com)Recursion's automated lab
- Recursion OS and pipeline, how it worksPhoto: Wawer et al. · CC0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Cells stained with Cell Painting dyes (a public dataset): Recursion's robots photograph millions of wells like this for its AI
- Respiratory vaccinesPhoto: er: Airman 1st Class Anna Nolte Post-production: Zacharie Grossen · Public domain (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Moderna COVID-19 vaccine (mRNA-1273, now Spikevax) vials
- Respiratory vaccines, how it worksPhoto: NIAID · Public domain (opens flickr.com)A cell covered in coronavirus particles (green), electron microscope: mRNA vaccines teach cells to show the virus's spike protein
- Retatrutide, how it worksPhoto: Nephron · CC BY-SA 3.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)A fatty liver under the microscope (white fat droplets): the liver fat retatrutide's glucagon signal helps burn off
- Risto-cel (BEAM-101), how it worksPhoto: Dr Graham Beards · CC BY-SA 3.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Sickle-shaped red blood cells in a blood smear: the disease risto-cel treats by switching fetal hemoglobin back on
- Tirzepatide (Mounjaro / Zepbound)Photo: Raimond Spekking · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Mounjaro KwikPen
- Tirzepatide (Mounjaro / Zepbound), how it worksPhoto: Afferent · CC BY-SA 3.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)A pancreatic islet: the insulin-making cell cluster that GIP and GLP-1 hormone signals, like tirzepatide's, prompt to release insulin
- VERVE-102 (PCSK9 base editor), how it worksPhoto: Miguel Tremblay · CC BY 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)An mRNA vaccine vial: the same kind of lipid-nanoparticle 'fat bubble' packaging VERVE-102 uses to carry its editor to the liver
- Virtual Cell Challenge, how it worksPhoto: Cirosantilli2 · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)A sequencer flow cell: single-cell gene readouts like the challenge's data are read on glass chips like this
- Wegovy (semaglutide)Photo: Nelson R. de Lima Filho · CC BY 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Wegovy packs in four doses
- Wegovy (semaglutide), how it worksPhoto: Windshear · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Rybelsus tablets: semaglutide in pill form with an absorption helper, the same drug as Wegovy's weekly shots
- Woolly mammothCourtesy of Colossal Biosciences · Press kit, editorial use (opens colossal.com)The Colossal woolly mouse (left, beside a normal mouse): the program's first test of mammoth hair genes; image from Colossal's own news release
- Woolly mammoth, how it worksPhoto: Cliff from Arlington, Virginia, USA · CC BY 2.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)An Asian elephant: the mammoth's closest living relative, whose cells Colossal edits toward mammoth traits
Computing36
- Abilene AI campusCourtesy of Crusoe · Press kit, editorial use (opens crusoe.ai)Aerial view of the Abilene campus under construction
- Abilene AI campus, how it worksPhoto: Pro-Per Energy Services · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)A GE LM6000 gas turbine under maintenance in Iraq, not at Abilene: on-site power there comes from jet-engine-derived turbines of this kind
- BlackholeCourtesy of Tenstorrent · Press kit, editorial use (opens tenstorrent.com)Tenstorrent Galaxy Blackhole servers in a rack
- Blackhole, how it worksPhoto: Inobump · CC0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)GDDR6 memory chips beside a graphics processor, not Tenstorrent: Blackhole uses this cheaper board memory instead of HBM stacks
- BlackwellPhoto: Pokiiri · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)HGX B200 8-GPU board
- Blackwell, how it worksPhoto: Geekerwan (极客湾) · CC BY 3.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)A GB200 tray with the lids off: each Blackwell package holds two big dies ringed by eight HBM3e stacks, beside a Grace CPU
- CoreWeave Cloud, how it worksPhoto: OLCF at ORNL · CC BY 2.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Rows of NVIDIA-GPU racks in Summit, an Oak Ridge supercomputer, not a CoreWeave site: the kind of hall a GPU cloud rents out by the machine
- CoWoS advanced packaging, how it worksPhoto: FritzchensFritz · CC0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)An NVIDIA P100 (2016), an early CoWoS package: the GPU in the middle and four HBM memory stacks beside it on one silicon interposer
- HBM4, how it worksPhoto: C. Spille/pcgameshardware.de · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)AMD's Fiji GPU (2015) with four first-generation SK hynix HBM stacks beside it on a silicon interposer; HBM4 stacks sit the same way
- High-NA EUV (EXE)Courtesy of ASML · Press kit, editorial use (opens asml.com)High-NA EUV system in the Veldhoven cleanroom
- High-NA EUV (EXE), how it worksCourtesy of ASML · Press kit, editorial use (opens ourbrand.asml.com)An EXE:5000 High-NA scanner in ASML's Veldhoven lab: light source, mirror optics and wafer stages in one bus-sized machine
- Instinct MI300 and MI350Photo: 极客湾Geekerwan · CC BY 3.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Instinct MI300-series OAM module (MI325X generation) at CES 2025; video frame, cropped to remove the channel mark
- Instinct MI300 and MI350, how it worksPhoto: Geekerwan (极客湾) · CC BY 3.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)An HPE Cray blade from El Capitan: under each copper cold plate sits an MI300A, CPU and GPU chiplets sharing one package and memory
- Instinct MI450 / Helios, how it worksPhoto: Oak Ridge National Laboratory · CC BY 2.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)An open cabinet of Frontier, an AMD-GPU supercomputer at Oak Ridge, not Helios: liquid-cooled GPU blades packed into one rack, the idea Helios scales up
- Intel 14A, how it worksCourtesy of Intel Corporation · Press kit, editorial use (opens newsroom.intel.com)Intel's first High-NA EUV scanner in its Oregon D1X fab, the machine Intel uses to develop 14A's finest layers
- Intel 18APhoto: 极客湾Geekerwan · CC BY 3.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Panther Lake 18A compute wafer and packaged chips (video still, cropped)
- Intel 18A, how it worksCourtesy of Intel Corporation · Press kit, editorial use (opens newsroom.intel.com)A Clearwater Forest Xeon at Fab 52: several 18A compute tiles laid side by side and joined into one processor
- Isaac GR00TCourtesy of NVIDIA · Press kit, editorial use (opens nvidianews.nvidia.com)Humanoid robots running GR00T N1
- Isaac GR00T, how it worksPhoto: 4300streetcar · CC BY 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)A Jetson Orin NX module on a carrier board: the smaller forerunner of Jetson Thor, the robot-mounted computer GR00T models run on
- Low-NA EUV (NXE)Courtesy of ASML · Press kit, editorial use (opens asml.com)Render of the TWINSCAN NXE:3800E
- Low-NA EUV (NXE), how it worksCourtesy of ASML · Press kit, editorial use (opens ourbrand.asml.com)The EUV light source of an NXE:3800E: a laser hits falling tin droplets and the glowing plasma gives off 13.5 nm light
- LPU and GroqCloudPhoto: Avivweinstein · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Die of the first-generation LPU (GroqChip)
- LPU and GroqCloud, how it worksPhoto: cole8888 · CC BY-SA 2.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)An Intel Xeon die, not Groq: the big regular blocks in the lower half are SRAM, the fast on-chip memory an LPU uses for all its data
- N2 process, how it worksCourtesy of ASML · Press kit, editorial use (opens ourbrand.asml.com)A 300 mm wafer patterned by an ASML scanner, not an N2 wafer: every N2 chip is built up on such a wafer, layer by layer
- Passage, how it worksPhoto: Ehsanshahoseini · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)A 300 mm silicon photonics wafer, not Lightmatter's: Passage is made the same way, with light guides etched into silicon like chip wiring
- Silicon spin qubitsCourtesy of Intel Corporation · Press kit, editorial use (opens intel.com)Tunnel Falls 12-qubit chip in its package
- Silicon spin qubits, how it worksCourtesy of Intel Corporation · Press kit, editorial use (opens intel.com)The Tunnel Falls chip (centre) mounted on its board, wired to the lines that bring control signals in from outside the fridge
- Starcloud satellites, how it worksPhoto: NASA · Public domain (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Solar wings and white radiator panels on the ISS, not Starcloud: sunlight in, waste heat shed to space, the same trade an orbital data center makes
- TeraPHY optical I/O, how it worksPhoto: Christophe.Finot · CC BY-SA 3.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Fibres plugged into a pluggable optical transceiver at a board's edge: the conversion TeraPHY moves into the chip package itself
- TSMC ArizonaPhoto: Hunter Trick (TrickHunter) · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Fab 21 under construction, November 2023
- TSMC Arizona, how it worksPhoto: 4300streetcar · CC BY 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)TSMC's Fab 18 in Tainan, Taiwan, not Arizona: the Arizona fabs copy fabs like this one, same tools and recipes
- TSMC logoPhoto: Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company Limited · Public domain (opens commons.wikimedia.org)
- Vera RubinCourtesy of NVIDIA · Press kit, editorial use (opens nvidianews.nvidia.com)Render
- Vera Rubin, how it worksPhoto: Geekerwan (极客湾) · CC BY 3.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)A Blackwell-generation GB200 compute tray, not Vera Rubin: four GPUs and two CPUs per tray, the layout Vera Rubin keeps
- WSE-3 / CS-3Photo: Steve Jurvetson · CC BY 4.0 (opens flickr.com)Cropped to the wafer
- WSE-3 / CS-3, how it worksCourtesy of Cerebras Systems · Press kit, editorial use (opens cerebras.ai)A Cerebras wafer-scale cluster: rows of Cerebras systems, each built around a single wafer-sized chip, fed by the cabling overhead
Crypto23
- Alpenglow consensus, how it worksPhoto: Gregory Rocher, Ifremer · CC BY 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Ports of a data-centre network switch: Alpenglow cuts block data into slices that relays pass to every validator in one network hop
- Arc, how it worksPhoto: Carl Lender · CC BY 2.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Server racks in a data centre: Arc's blocks are proposed and signed by approved institutions running validator servers like these
- Base, how it worksPhoto: imgix · Unsplash License (opens unsplash.com)Networked servers in a rack: Base's sequencer orders and runs transactions on servers like these, then posts batches to Ethereum
- Celestia mainnet, how it worksPhoto: Sven.petersen · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)A Raspberry Pi in a desktop case: small computers like this can run a Celestia light node that samples random pieces of each block
- Coinbase derivatives (incl. Deribit), how it worksPhoto: Fixedsun · CC0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Trading floor in Chicago's Board of Trade building: futures exchanges with a clearinghouse in the middle, like Coinbase Derivatives
- Cross-Chain Interoperability Protocol (CCIP), how it worksPhoto: Kirill Sh · Unsplash License (opens unsplash.com)Fibre-optic cables in a network switch: Chainlink nodes watch one chain and relay committed messages to another over links like these
- EigenDA, how it worksPhoto: William Warby · Unsplash License (opens unsplash.com)An opened hard drive: EigenDA cuts rollup data into coded pieces and spreads them across many operators' storage
- EigenLayer, how it worksPhoto: Gregory Rocher, Ifremer · CC BY 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)A rack of cabled servers: EigenLayer operators run services on machines like these, backed by restaked ETH they lose if they cheat
- Ethereum protocol upgrades, how it worksPhoto: Laserlicht · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)An Intel NUC mini PC, the kind of small home computer many solo stakers use to run an Ethereum node and validator
- HyperCore exchangePhoto: Belle Femme Emmo · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Hyperliquid's trading interface, 2026
- HyperCore exchange, how it worksPhoto: Domaintechnik · Unsplash License (opens unsplash.com)A rack of servers: Hyperliquid's validators run the order book and matching engine on machines like these, filling orders in block order
- Lean Ethereum, how it worksPhoto: PantheraLeo1359531 · CC BY 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)A GeForce RTX 5090 graphics card: provers run on GPUs like this to compress thousands of signatures, or a whole block, into one short proof
- Polymarket exchange, how it worksPhoto: Eric Stoynov · Unsplash License (opens unsplash.com)Server racks: Polymarket's operator matches signed orders off-chain on servers like these, and trades then settle on Polygon
- Polymarket logoPhoto: Polymarket · Public domain (opens commons.wikimedia.org)
- Solana mainnet & Firedancer, how it worksPhoto: Patrik Kernstock · Unsplash License (opens unsplash.com)Inside a rack server: Solana validators are powerful many-core machines that run non-overlapping transactions side by side
- Starknet, how it worksPhoto: Roman Spiridonov · Unsplash License (opens unsplash.com)A processor seated in its socket: Starknet's S-two prover runs on ordinary chips like this to turn batches of blocks into a STARK proof
- Unichain, how it worksPhoto: cole8888 · CC BY-SA 2.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)The silicon die of an Intel Xeon server chip: Unichain builds blocks inside sealed secure enclaves on Intel server processors
- Uniswap v4, how it worksPhoto: Motokoka · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)A Ledger hardware wallet: a Uniswap trade is signed with the trader's own key, then the pool contract on Ethereum settles it
- USAT, how it worksPhoto: Ajay Suresh · CC BY 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Cantor Fitzgerald's New York office at 499 Park Avenue: Cantor is custodian of USAT's cash and Treasury reserves
- USDC, how it worksPhoto: Mackenzie Marco · Unsplash License (opens unsplash.com)US hundred-dollar notes: every USDC is backed by a dollar held in cash or short-term Treasuries, and redeeming burns the token
- USDT, how it worksPhoto: MeanieHyaena · CC BY 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)The US Treasury building in Washington: most USDT reserves are short-term US Treasury bills, loans to this government
- World ID and the OrbPhoto: TechCrunch · CC BY 2.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)World (Worldcoin) Orbs, 2024
- World ID and the Orb, how it worksPhoto: Steve Jurvetson · CC BY 2.0 (opens flickr.com)A World Orb held in hand: the mirrored sphere hides the cameras that image the iris, seen here from above
Energy39
- ARCCourtesy of Commonwealth Fusion Systems · Press kit, editorial use (opens cfs.energy)Render
- ARC, how it worksPhoto: EUROfusion · CC BY 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Inside JET, a UK tokamak: the same doughnut-shaped chamber ARC would scale up and wrap in molten salt
- Aurora-INLCourtesy of Oklo · Press kit, editorial use (opens oklo.com)Aurora site at Idaho National Laboratory under construction
- Aurora-INL, how it worksPhoto: Federal Government of the United States. · Public domain (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Operating floor of EBR-II, the Idaho sodium-cooled fast reactor with metal fuel that Aurora's design descends from
- Cape StationPhoto: Braddah n8 · CC0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Cape Station Phase 1 under construction
- Cape Station, how it worksPhoto: Rjglewis · CC BY-SA 3.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)A binary geothermal plant in Nevada: hot brine heats a second fluid that spins the turbines, as at Cape Station
- Copernicus, how it worksPhoto: Keenan Pepper · CC BY-SA 2.0 (opens flickr.com)A neutral beam injector at Princeton's NSTX: the kind of particle-beam heater TAE uses to keep its plasma ring hot
- Demo4Courtesy of Tokamak Energy · Press kit, editorial use (opens tokamakenergy.com)
- Demo4, how it worksCourtesy of Tokamak Energy · Press kit, editorial use (opens tokamakenergy.com)One limb of Demo4's superconducting magnets being tested in liquid nitrogen, wired with sensors
- First Solar logoPhoto: Unknown author Unknown author · Public domain (opens commons.wikimedia.org)
- HermesCourtesy of Kairos Power · Press kit, editorial use (opens kairospower.com)Hermes construction site, Oak Ridge, Nov 2025
- Hermes, how it worksCourtesy of Kairos Power · Press kit, editorial use (opens kairospower.com)A Kairos reactor vessel with its salt-handling plant, from the non-nuclear test units built to rehearse Hermes
- Iron-air multi-day batteryPhoto: Cutlass · CC0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Form Factory 1 in Weirton, West Virginia, where the iron-air batteries are made
- Iron-air multi-day battery, how it worksPhoto: Borvan53 · CC BY-SA 3.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Bricks of iron starting to rust: the same iron-to-rust reaction that releases energy in Form's cells, run in reverse to recharge
- Millimetre-wave drilling, how it worksPhoto: I2ho7p · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Gyrotrons from the Wendelstein 7-X fusion lab: the same kind of microwave source Quaise pipes down the hole to melt rock
- Molten Chloride Fast Reactor, how it worksPhoto: Oak Ridge National Laboratory · CC BY 2.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)The reactor cell of Oak Ridge's Molten Salt Reactor Experiment, 1964: the first reactor with fuel dissolved in molten salt
- Natrium (Kemmerer Unit 1)Photo: Stan Mogard · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Kemmerer Unit 1 construction site seen from US Highway 189, November 2024
- Natrium (Kemmerer Unit 1), how it worksPhoto: ENERGY.GOV · Public domain (opens commons.wikimedia.org)A molten salt storage tank being built at the Solana solar plant, Arizona: Natrium stores reactor heat in tanks like these
- Naxtra sodium-ion, how it worksPhoto: Vladimir022009 · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Small sodium-ion cells from another maker: the same chemistry as Naxtra, with sodium in place of lithium
- OrionCourtesy of Helion · Press kit, editorial use (opens helionenergy.com)Orion site in Malaga, Washington, under construction
- Orion, how it worksCourtesy of Helion · Press kit, editorial use (opens helionenergy.com)Looking down the ring magnets of an earlier Helion machine; Orion lines up the same kind of coils at larger scale
- Perovskite and tandem cells, how it worksPhoto: University of Oxford · CC BY 2.0 (opens flickr.com)Small perovskite test cells made at the University of Oxford: a thin light-absorbing crystal film on glass, printed rather than grown
- PolarisCourtesy of Helion · Press kit, editorial use (opens helionenergy.com)
- Polaris, how it worksCourtesy of Helion · Press kit, editorial use (opens helionenergy.com)Polaris's capacitor racks: they dump energy into the magnets for each pulse and take it back afterwards
- Project RedCourtesy of Fervo Energy · Press kit, editorial use (opens fervoenergy.com)Drilling rig at Project Red
- Project Red, how it worksCourtesy of Fervo Energy · Press kit, editorial use (opens fervoenergy.com)A Fervo drilling rig in Utah: the same kind of rig that drilled Project Red's pair of wells down and then sideways through hot rock
- Qilin (CTP 3.0), how it worksPhoto: Aeroid · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)A large prismatic lithium cell: Qilin packs line up cells of this can-like shape directly, with cooling plates between them and no modules
- QSE-5Courtesy of QuantumScape · Press kit, editorial use (opens quantumscape.com)A QSE-5 cell beside QuantumScape's earlier A0 prototype cell
- QSE-5, how it worksCourtesy of QuantumScape · Press kit, editorial use (opens quantumscape.com)QuantumScape's ceramic separator, thin enough to flex: the solid wall between the electrodes inside its cells
- QuantumScape logoPhoto: QuantumScape Corporation · Public domain (opens commons.wikimedia.org)
- Series 7 CdTe moduleCourtesy of First Solar · Press kit, editorial use (opens firstsolar.com)Series 7 module, back side with mounting rails
- Series 7 CdTe module, how it worksPhoto: U.S. Department of Energy · Public domain (opens commons.wikimedia.org)First Solar's Perrysburg, Ohio line in 2017, making the earlier Series 4 panels: plain glass goes in and finished CdTe panels come out hours later
- SPARCPhoto: A. J. Creely, D. Brunner, R. T. Mumgaard, M. L. Reinke, M. Segal, B. N. Sorbom, M. J. Greenwald · CC BY 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)SPARC tokamak building under construction, Devens, May 2023
- SPARC, how it worksCourtesy of Commonwealth Fusion Systems · Press kit, editorial use (opens cfs.energy)A ring-shaped superconducting coil being assembled at CFS's magnet factory in Devens, which builds SPARC's magnets
- ST40Courtesy of Tokamak Energy · Press kit, editorial use (opens tokamakenergy.com)Inside the ST40 vacuum vessel
- ST40, how it worksPhoto: Eye Steel Film · CC BY 2.0 (opens flickr.com)Plasma glowing inside MAST, a UK spherical tokamak: the same apple-core shape as ST40
- US460 / NuScale Power ModulePhoto: Oregon State University · CC BY-SA 2.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Full-scale mockup of the upper third of a NuScale Power Module
- US460 / NuScale Power Module, how it worksPhoto: Oregon State University · CC BY-SA 2.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Scale model of a NuScale Power Module: reactor, steam generator and pressurizer inside one tall steel can
- Xe-100 at Long Mott (Dow Seadrift), how it worksPhoto: Idaho National Laboratory · CC BY 2.0 (opens flickr.com)A cut-open TRISO fuel particle under a microscope (false colour): uranium kernel inside carbon and ceramic shells; thousands fill each Xe-100 pebble
Longevity18
- Altos Labs logoPhoto: Altos Labs · Public domain (opens commons.wikimedia.org)
- BGE-102 (NLRP3), how it worksPhoto: NIAID · CC BY 2.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)A macrophage, an immune cell where the NLRP3 inflammation switch sits; BGE-102 is meant to block that switch
- Blood and microglia replacement, how it worksPhoto: GerryShaw · CC BY-SA 3.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Microglia (green) among nerve fibres (red): the brain's immune cells that Retro wants to replace with young lab-made ones
- Calico logoPhoto: Calico · Public domain (opens commons.wikimedia.org)
- Canine mitral valve disease gene therapy, how it worksPhoto: Kalumet · CC BY-SA 3.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Ultrasound of a dog's heart with mitral valve disease (MV: the valve): the valve wear this gene therapy aims to slow
- Cellular rejuvenation programming, how it worksPhoto: National Institutes of Health (NIH) · Public domain (opens flickr.com)A colony of induced pluripotent stem cells: adult cells fully reprogrammed with Yamanaka factors, which Altos uses only partly to rejuvenate
- ER-100, how it worksPhoto: Mikael Häggström · CC0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)The back of a healthy eye: the bright disc is where the optic nerve leaves, the cells ER-100 aims to make young again
- Fosigotifator (ABBV-CLS-7262), how it worksPhoto: Oleg Tsupykov · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)An oligodendrocyte (green), the brain support cell that wraps nerves in myelin and is lost in vanishing white matter disease
- GPT-4b micro (with OpenAI), how it worksPhoto: Pokiiri · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)An NVIDIA DGX B200 GPU server: the kind of hardware large AI models such as GPT-4b micro are trained and run on
- Healthspan grants and summit, how it worksPhoto: Kbradnam · CC BY-SA 2.5 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)C. elegans, a tiny worm widely used to study why animals age: the kind of basic aging biology Hevolution's grants fund
- Hepatocyte epigenetic reprogramming, how it worksPhoto: Lauren Franza · CC BY-SA 3.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Liver cells (hepatocytes) growing in a dish: the cells NewLimit tries to make work like young ones again
- LOY-001 / LOY-003, how it worksPhoto: Jmettlen · CC BY-SA 3.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)An Irish Wolfhound: giant breeds grow big on high IGF-1 and live short lives; LOY-001 and LOY-003 aim to lower it
- LOY-002, how it worksPhoto: Marek Ślusarczyk (Tupungato) · CC BY 3.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)A senior Labrador: LOY-002 is a daily pill for dogs 10 and older, aimed at the metabolism that slows with age
- OSK partial reprogramming gene therapy, how it worksPhoto: Commissioned by Understanding Animal Research · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Black laboratory mice: the gene therapy extended remaining lifespan in very old mice like these
- PAI-1 inhibitor, how it worksPhoto: Janice Carr · Public domain (opens commons.wikimedia.org)A blood clot in an electron microscope: red cells caught in fibrin mesh; PAI-1 blocks the enzymes that dissolve clots like this
- Pipeline companies, how it worksPhoto: Snuupo · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Streptomyces hygroscopicus, the soil bacterium that makes rapamycin, the drug Cambrian's Tornado improves on
- RTR242 (autophagy), how it worksPhoto: Mikael Häggström · CC0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)An amyloid plaque in an Alzheimer's brain: the protein clumps that restarting autophagy, the cell's cleanup, aims to clear
- T cell rejuvenation, how it worksPhoto: NIAID · CC BY 2.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)A human T cell under a scanning electron microscope: the kind of immune cell NewLimit tries to make young again
Manufacturing23
- Area PrintingCourtesy of Seurat Technologies · Press kit, editorial use (opens seurat.com)Seurat area-printing machine
- Area Printing, how it worksPhoto: René Volfík · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Metal parts rising out of the powder bed after a laser print: Seurat builds parts the same layer-by-layer way, but melts whole tiles per laser pulse
- Autonomous welding cellCourtesy of Path Robotics · Press kit, editorial use (opens path-robotics.com)Welding torch and Path's 3D-scanning sensor head
- Autonomous welding cell, how it worksPhoto: WireCrafters · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)A robot welding cell behind safety screens in a steel shop: the same kind of cell Path fits with its scanning and seam-finding software
- Bright Factory platformCourtesy of Bright Machines · Press kit, editorial use (opens brightmachines.com)Hybrid Bright Robotic Cell (BRC)
- Bright Factory platform, how it worksCourtesy of Bright Machines · Press kit, editorial use (opens brightmachines.com)Inside a Bright Machines robot cell: a camera-guided arm works over a server board, the kind of GPU-installation job the cells are programmed for
- Divergent Adaptive Production SystemPhoto: Prova MO · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Czinger 21C chassis, whose printed structure is made with the Divergent system
- Divergent Adaptive Production System, how it worksPhoto: Prova MO · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Rear of a Czinger 21C, engine cover open: the silver, bone-like frame parts around the engine were printed and joined by Divergent's system
- Form 4Photo: Formlabs Inc. · CC BY 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Form 4L, Fuse 1+ 30W and Form 4 (right)
- Form 4, how it worksPhoto: Tampere Hacklab · CC BY 2.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)A small LCD resin printer mid-print: the part hangs from the platform above a resin tray lit from below by a screen, the same method as the Form 4
- Fuse seriesPhoto: Formlabs Inc. · CC BY 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Fuse 1+ 30W (centre) with the Form 4L and Form 4
- Fuse series, how it worksPhoto: Wzgardafull · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)A compact nylon-powder (SLS) printer, left, beside its powder station where parts are dug out and loose powder recycled, as with the Fuse
- Hadrian factoriesCourtesy of Hadrian · Press kit, editorial use (opens hadrian.co)Hadrian Factory 2 (F2), exterior
- Hadrian factories, how it worksCourtesy of Hadrian · Press kit, editorial use (opens hadrian.co)Rows of CNC machining centres inside a Hadrian factory, fed and linked by automation that moves parts between machines
- RoboForming and RoboCraftsmanCourtesy of Machina Labs · Press kit, editorial use (opens machinalabs.ai)RoboCraftsman cell: two robot arms forming a sheet-metal panel
- RoboForming and RoboCraftsman, how it worksCourtesy of Machina Labs · Press kit, editorial use (opens machinalabs.ai)Close-up of RoboForming: a rounded tool tip on a robot arm presses the metal sheet a little at a time, tracing paths until the shape emerges
- SapphireCourtesy of Velo3D · Press kit, editorial use (opens velo3d.com)Sapphire XC 1MZ, the large-format member of the Sapphire family
- Sapphire, how it worksPhoto: René Volfík · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Metal test parts standing in the powder bed after a laser powder-bed print: the process Sapphire uses, not a Velo3D machine
- Skyfall, how it worksPhoto: René Volfík · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Looking through the window of a laser metal printer at parts growing in the powder bed; Skyfall scales the same process up to hundreds of lasers
- Tulip platformCourtesy of Tulip Interfaces · Press kit, editorial use (opens tulip.co)Tulip app screenshot: a machine monitoring terminal
- Tulip platform, how it worksCourtesy of Tulip · Press kit, editorial use (opens tulip.co)A worker at Mack Molding scans a tool while a Tulip app on the station screen shows the step-by-step instructions and records the check
- VulcanForms LPBF platformCourtesy of VulcanForms® · Press kit, editorial use (opens vulcanforms.com)Third-generation LPBF system in VulcanForms' factory
- VulcanForms LPBF platform, how it worksCourtesy of VulcanForms® · Press kit, editorial use (opens vulcanforms.com)A finned metal ring still fused to its build plate: lasers melt powder layer by layer, growing the part upward from the plate
Materials24
- Autonomous materials lab, how it worksPhoto: Maggie Bartlett, National Human Genome Research Institute · Public domain (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Robot arms moving sample plates between instruments at an NIH lab: the kind of automation Periodic uses to make and test materials the AI proposes
- Boden green steel plantCourtesy of Stegra · Press kit, editorial use (opens brand.stegra.com)Boden plant under construction, aerial
- Boden green steel plant, how it worksPhoto: AndersFrick · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)HYBRIT's pilot plant in Luleå, Sweden, which strips oxygen from iron ore with hydrogen: the same step Stegra runs at Boden
- Brimstone processCourtesy of Brimstone · Press kit, editorial use (opens brimstone.com)Process material in a sieve at Brimstone's lab
- Brimstone process, how it worksPhoto: James St. John · CC BY 2.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Anorthosite, a calcium-bearing silicate rock with no carbonate in it: rocks of this kind replace limestone as Brimstone's source of calcium
- CarbonCure systemCourtesy of CarbonCure Technologies · Press kit, editorial use (opens carboncure.com)CarbonCure valve box and CO2 tank at a concrete plant
- CarbonCure system, how it worksCourtesy of CarbonCure Technologies · Press kit, editorial use (opens carboncure.com)A CarbonCure CO2 tank and valve box at a concrete plant: it doses measured CO2 into each batch as the mixer is loaded
- CarbonCure Technologies logoPhoto: Liminary · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)
- HexTow carbon fibre and HexPly prepregs, how it worksPhoto: Oak Ridge National Laboratory · CC BY 2.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Spools of acrylic precursor thread at the start of Oak Ridge's carbon-fibre line; baked in stages, it becomes carbon fibre, as HexTow does
- Holyoke plant, how it worksPhoto: The wub · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)A water electrolyser at London's Science Museum: Sublime's cells likewise use electricity to split water, making acid at one side and base at the other
- Hydro-to-CathodeCourtesy of Ascend Elements · Press kit, editorial use (opens ascendelements.com)Recycled lithium carbonate made at Ascend's Covington, Georgia plant
- Hydro-to-Cathode, how it worksPhoto: Oak Ridge National Laboratory · CC BY 2.0 (opens flickr.com)Cathode material recovered from used batteries in an Oak Ridge lab: Ascend's process likewise turns shredded cells into powder for new cathodes
- LFP and LMFP cathodes, how it worksPhoto: Chingo K · CC BY 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Coin-size test cells clipped into a lab rig: how new cathode recipes, like Mitra's iron-phosphate blends, are charged and checked
- MIRA, how it worksPhoto: CINECA · CC BY 2.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Racks of the Galileo supercomputer in Italy: models like MIRA run on computers like these, generating and checking candidate crystal structures
- Molten oxide electrolysis (MOE)Courtesy of Boston Metal · Press kit, editorial use (opens bostonmetal.com)Industrial-scale MOE cell, Woburn, 2025
- Molten oxide electrolysis (MOE), how it worksCourtesy of Boston Metal · Press kit, editorial use (opens bostonmetal.com)Molten metal tapped from the bottom of Boston Metal's industrial-scale MOE cell in Woburn, Massachusetts, February 2025
- Recycling and materials campusCourtesy of Redwood Materials · Press kit, editorial use (opens redwoodmaterials.com)Batteries and devices awaiting recycling at a Redwood site
- Recycling and materials campus, how it worksCourtesy of Redwood Materials · Press kit, editorial use (opens redwoodmaterials.com)Metals and salts Redwood recovers from old batteries, such as copper, nickel and cobalt compounds and lithium, ready to make new cells
- Redwood EnergyCourtesy of Redwood Materials · Press kit, editorial use (opens redwoodmaterials.com)Second-life EV battery storage array, Nevada
- Redwood Energy, how it worksCourtesy of Redwood Materials · Press kit, editorial use (opens redwoodmaterials.com)Rows of used EV battery packs feeding Crusoe's modular data centres at Redwood's Nevada microgrid, seen from above
- SCC55 and BAM factoriesCourtesy of Group14 Technologies · Press kit, editorial use (opens group14.technology)BAM-2 SCC55 factory, Moses Lake, Washington
- SCC55 and BAM factories, how it worksCourtesy of Group14 Technologies · Press kit, editorial use (opens group14.technology)Group14's silicon-carbon anode material in trays: porous carbon with silicon grown inside the pores, shipped as a black powder
- Titan Silicon and Moses LakeCourtesy of Sila · Press kit, editorial use (opens silanano.com)Moses Lake, Washington plant, aerial
- Titan Silicon and Moses Lake, how it worksPhoto: RudolfSimon · CC BY 3.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)A battery electrode coater: anode powders such as Titan Silicon are mixed into a paste and spread thinly on metal foil on machines like this
Neurotech23
- ARC Therapy (ARC-EX / ARC-IM / ARC-BCI), how it worksPhoto: Marclackey · CC BY-SA 3.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)X-ray of a paddle of stimulating electrodes lying on the spinal cord (a pain-therapy device): ARC-IM places a similar paddle
- Blindsight, how it worksPhoto: Steve Jurvetson · CC BY 2.0 (opens flickr.com)Neuralink's surgical robot demonstrating electrode insertion on a model head (2022); Blindsight uses the same robot and implant, placed over the vision area
- Connexus BCICourtesy of Paradromics · Press kit, editorial use (opens paradromics.com)Connexus implant
- Connexus BCI, how it worksCourtesy of Paradromics · Press kit, editorial use (opens paradromics.com)The Connexus implant held between two fingers: a coin-sized module whose tiny wire electrodes enter the brain, with a thin lead running to the chest unit
- DOT / Motif XCS SystemCourtesy of Motif Neurotech · Press kit, editorial use (opens motifneuro.tech)Render: the DOT implant resting on the skull over the brain
- DOT / Motif XCS System, how it worksPhoto: Thomas.haslwanter · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)A cochlear implant (left) with its outer coil and processor: like the DOT, it sits under the scalp and gets power wirelessly through the skin
- Forest 1 ultrasound platform, how it worksPhoto: Binarysequence · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Inside an ultrasound probe: a curved row of 128 tiny transducers that send and time sound pulses, the building block of ultrasound brain imaging
- Graphene brain interface, how it worksPhoto: David Baillot / UC San Diego Jacobs School of Engineering · CC BY 2.0 (opens flickr.com)A clear, flexible strip packed with graphene electrodes, from a UC San Diego lab: the material INBRAIN builds on, not INBRAIN's device
- Kernel FlowPhoto: Han Y. Ban et al. (Kernel), J. Biomed. Opt. 2022 · CC BY 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Kernel Flow headset on a mannequin, cropped from the paper figure
- Kernel Flow, how it worksPhoto: Walej · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)An older light-based (fNIRS) cap on a model head: emitters and detectors on the scalp track blood oxygen, the principle behind Kernel Flow
- Kernel logoPhoto: Kernel · Public domain (opens commons.wikimedia.org)
- Layer 7 Cortical InterfaceCourtesy of Precision Neuroscience · Press kit, editorial use (opens precisionneuro.io)
- Layer 7 Cortical Interface, how it worksPhoto: David Baillot / UC San Diego Jacobs School of Engineering · CC BY 2.0 (opens flickr.com)A UC San Diego thin-film brain-surface grid with over 1,000 sensors: the same kind of bendy electrode film as Layer 7, not Precision's own
- N1 implant (Telepathy)Photo: Steve Jurvetson · CC BY 2.0 (opens flickr.com)Wafer of Neuralink's flexible thread electrodes (2019 unveiling), the electrode technology of the N1 implant
- N1 implant (Telepathy), how it worksPhoto: Leijurv · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Neuralink's R1 surgical robot, which threads the implant's hair-thin electrodes into the brain while dodging blood vessels
- Neuralink logoPhoto: Neuralink Corp; converted to SVG by Saucy · Public domain (opens commons.wikimedia.org)
- PRIMA retinal implantCourtesy of Science Corporation · Press kit, editorial use (opens prima.science.xyz)PRIMA retinal chip held in tweezers
- PRIMA retinal implant, how it worksPhoto: IcannotC · CC0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)A light-sensing chip seen under the retina at the back of an eye (an earlier German implant): PRIMA's chip sits in the same spot
- Stentrode BCIPhoto: Christinecooch · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)
- Stentrode BCI, how it worksCourtesy of Synchron · Press kit, editorial use (opens synchron.com)The Stentrode: a mesh stent studded with small electrode pads; it expands against the wall of a vein on top of the brain's motor area
- Ultrasound and molecular BCI, how it worksPhoto: Harrison Keely · CC BY 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)A medical ultrasound probe: rows of tiny transducers send sound into tissue and read the echoes, the tool Merge pairs with sound-sensitive molecules
- Utah array / NeuroPortCourtesy of Blackrock Neurotech · Press kit, editorial use (opens blackrockneurotech.com)
- Utah array / NeuroPort, how it worksCourtesy of Blackrock Neurotech · Press kit, editorial use (opens blackrockneurotech.com)A Utah array seen side-on: a row of its silicon needles, each tipped with a recording site, rising from the base on its fine wire bundle
Quantum29
- Advantage2, how it worksPhoto: Mwjohnson0 · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)A D-Wave 2X annealing chip (2015) wire-bonded in its holder, not Advantage2: the qubits are superconducting loops etched on the central chip
- Ankaa and Cepheus QPUsCourtesy of Rigetti Computing (photo: Drew Bird Photography) · Press kit, editorial use (opens rigetti.com)The Cepheus-1-108Q processor: twelve 9-qubit chiplets tiled on one carrier
- Ankaa and Cepheus QPUs, how it worksCourtesy of Rigetti Computing (photo: Drew Bird Photography) · Press kit, editorial use (opens investors.rigetti.com)Inside the Ankaa-3 system's cryostat: control lines run down gold stages, each colder than the last, to the superconducting chip at the bottom
- Aquila and gate-based systemsPhoto: QuEra Computing, Inc. · CC BY 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Magneto-optical trap of Aquila, QuEra's first-generation machine
- Aquila and gate-based systems, how it worksPhoto: QuEra Computing, Inc. · CC BY 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Aquila's optical table: the lasers and optics that cool the atoms, hold them in tweezers and drive them into Rydberg states
- Atom arrays and MagneCourtesy of Atom Computing · Press kit, editorial use (opens atom-computing.com)The AC1000 atom-array system
- Atom arrays and Magne, how it worksPhoto: Balping · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)A glass vacuum cell with a glowing cloud of trapped atoms (red dot), not Atom Computing's: lasers cool atoms here before loading them into tweezers
- AuroraCourtesy of Xanadu · Press kit, editorial use (opens xanadu.ai)Networked photonic server racks, fibre-linked (Aurora)
- Aurora, how it worksCourtesy of Xanadu · Press kit, editorial use (opens xanadu.ai)Xanadu's photonic computing racks, shot when Aurora was unveiled: chips sit in separate racks, linked by the yellow optical fibres
- Cat-qubit roadmapPhoto: Nilhope · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Helium chip, a step on the cat-qubit roadmap
- Cat-qubit roadmap, how it worksPhoto: Nilhope · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)A cryostat in Alice & Bob's Paris lab: the cat-qubit chips sit at its cold bottom, fed by the coaxial lines running down the stages
- Gate-model program, how it worksPhoto: UCL Mathematical and Physical Sciences · CC BY 2.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)An open dilution refrigerator at UCL, not D-Wave's: each shelf is colder down to 0.03 K, the cooling D-Wave's gate-model qubits share with its annealers
- HeliosCourtesy of Quantinuum · Press kit, editorial use (opens quantinuum.com)Render of a deployed Helios system, enclosure open
- Helios, how it worksPhoto: National Institute of Standards and Technology · Public domain (opens commons.wikimedia.org)A NIST ion-trap chip in its copper mount, not Helios: charged atoms float just above the gold chip, held in place by its electrodes' voltages
- Majorana topological qubitsCourtesy of John Brecher for Microsoft · Press kit, editorial use (opens news.microsoft.com)Majorana 1 chip on its carrier board
- Majorana topological qubits, how it worksCourtesy of Microsoft · Press kit, editorial use (opens news.microsoft.com)Majorana 1 up close: the quantum chip (ringed in blue) sits beside a second chip, both wire-bonded onto a gold-plated mount
- NighthawkCourtesy of IBM · Press kit, editorial use (opens newsroom.ibm.com)300 mm wafer of Nighthawk chips
- Nighthawk, how it worksPhoto: IBM Research · CC BY 3.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)An earlier IBM quantum processor in its gold-plated mount (2023), not Nighthawk: the small square chip in the middle holds the qubits
- Pasqal QPUsCourtesy of Pasqal; photo ©AgenceOblique/CyrilMarcilhacy · Press kit, editorial use (opens pasqal.com)Pasqal QPU enclosure
- Pasqal QPUs, how it worksPhoto: QuEra Computing, Inc. · CC BY 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)The atom trap of QuEra's Aquila, not Pasqal's: rubidium atoms are cooled in a vacuum cell like this, then held one by one in laser tweezers
- Quantum networking, how it worksPhoto: Oak Ridge National Laboratory · CC BY 2.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)The first node of Oak Ridge's quantum network, not IonQ's: a photon source and fibre optics that carry entangled single photons between sites
- Starling fault-tolerant roadmapCourtesy of IBM · Press kit, editorial use (opens newsroom.ibm.com)Render of Starling in the Poughkeepsie data center
- Starling fault-tolerant roadmap, how it worksPhoto: OJB Quantum · CC BY 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Inside an IBM Quantum System One, not Starling: each gold stage is colder than the one above, down to about 10 mK where the chip sits
- Tempo and 2D-chip roadmapCourtesy of IonQ · Press kit, editorial use (opens ionq.com)Render of IonQ Tempo (captioned as Tempo in IonQ's release)
- Tempo and 2D-chip roadmap, how it worksPhoto: D. T. C. Allcock et al., University of Oxford · CC BY-SA 3.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)A packaged surface ion trap from Oxford, not IonQ's: ions hover above the chip's electrodes, the approach IonQ is moving onto standard-made chips
- Utility-scale photonic quantum computerCourtesy of PsiQuantum · Press kit, editorial use (opens psiquantum.com)Aerial view of the Chicago site (Illinois Quantum and Microelectronics Park) under construction
- Utility-scale photonic quantum computer, how it worksCourtesy of PsiQuantum · Press kit, editorial use (opens psiquantum.com)A PsiQuantum photonic chip on its test board, with a ribbon of optical fibres coupled to its edge to carry photons on and off the chip
- Willow and error-correction roadmapCourtesy of Google · Press kit, editorial use (opens blog.google)Render of the Willow chip, cropped from the launch post header
- Willow and error-correction roadmap, how it worksPhoto: Coldupnorth · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Sycamore, Willow's 2019 predecessor, in the Deutsches Museum: a grid of superconducting qubits on a chip bonded to a wiring layer
Robotics38
- Agility Robotics logoPhoto: Agility Robotics · Public domain (opens commons.wikimedia.org)
- ApolloCourtesy of Apptronik · Press kit, editorial use (opens apptronik.com)Apollo 2, the current generation, carrying a tote in a warehouse
- Apollo, how it worksCourtesy of Apptronik · Press kit, editorial use (opens apptronik.com)An earlier Apollo with its shell partly open: Apptronik's own electric actuators sit at each shoulder, elbow, hip and knee
- AtlasPhoto: Damian B Oh · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)
- Atlas, how it worksPhoto: Damian B Oh · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Electric Atlas up close: motors sit inside each joint, so shoulders and hips can spin further than a human's
- BotQCourtesy of Figure AI · Press kit, editorial use (opens figure.ai)Figure 03 robots built at BotQ
- BotQ, how it worksCourtesy of Figure AI · Press kit, editorial use (opens figure.ai)A steel injection mould at BotQ opening on a moulded robot part: seconds per part instead of a week on a CNC machine
- CRX cobotsPhoto: Gpkp · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)
- CRX cobots, how it worksPhoto: Bobjgalindo · CC BY 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)A CRX-5iA cobot on an open training station: no safety cage, because sensors in its joints stop it on contact
- da Vinci 5Photo: A.BourgeoisP · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)da Vinci Xi, the previous generation
- da Vinci 5, how it worksPhoto: Staff Sgt. Bernardo Fuller · Public domain (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Wristed instrument tips of an older da Vinci picking up small objects in a demo; da Vinci 5 uses the same kind of tools
- DigitPhoto: Web Summit · CC BY 2.0 (opens flickr.com)
- Digit, how it worksPhoto: Steve Jurvetson · CC BY 2.0 (opens flickr.com)Digit mid-stride: bird-like legs with backward-bending knees, and simple arms built for carrying totes
- Figure 03Courtesy of Figure AI · Press kit, editorial use (opens figure.ai)
- Figure 03, how it worksCourtesy of Figure AI · Press kit, editorial use (opens figure.ai)Figure's torso batteries, left to right: Figure 01, 02 and 03 (2.3 kWh), opened in the middle to show cells and control boards
- G1Photo: RuinDig/Yuki Uchida · CC BY 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)
- G1, how it worksPhoto: Cybularny · CC0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)A Unitree G1 from the side (cropped): Unitree's own motors sit in the round housings at hip, knee and shoulder; the head holds the lidar
- HelixCourtesy of Figure AI · Press kit, editorial use (opens figure.ai)Figure 03 running Helix 02 at a kitchen dishwasher
- Helix, how it worksCourtesy of Figure AI · Press kit, editorial use (opens figure.ai)Helix folding towels on a Figure 02: one neural network turns what the cameras see into finger and arm motions
- Household robot, how it worksPhoto: Willow Garage · CC BY-SA 3.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)PR2, an earlier research robot, picking up cups with two gripper arms; The Bot Company's robot is unrevealed, but tidying needs the same skills
- Industrial robots and cobotsPhoto: Ana 2016 · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)
- Industrial robots and cobots, how it worksPhoto: ICAPlants · CC BY-SA 3.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)ABB arms with suction frames lifting glass sheets off a production line; the controller keeps each tool on its planned path
- Intuitive Surgical logoPhoto: Intuitive Surgical · Public domain (opens commons.wikimedia.org)
- Ion, how it worksPhoto: Håkon Olav Leira · CC BY-SA 3.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)A manual flexible bronchoscope, the tool Ion replaces: Ion's robot-steered catheter is thinner (3.5 mm) and can bend 180° to reach deep airways
- MechCourtesy of Dexterity · Press kit, editorial use (opens dexterity.ai)Mech unloading a truck trailer
- Mech, how it worksCourtesy of Dexterity · Press kit, editorial use (opens dexterity.ai)One of Mech's two arms gripping a box with a suction-cup pad; force sensing lets it press boxes into place and feel bumps
- NEOCourtesy of 1X · Press kit, editorial use (opens 1x.tech)
- NEO, how it worksCourtesy of 1X · Press kit, editorial use (opens 1x.tech)NEO standing: under the knitted suit, motors in the body pull tendon cables to move light limbs, like muscles
- Skild BrainCourtesy of Skild AI · Press kit, editorial use (opens skild.ai)Humanoid robot running Skild Brain
- Skild Brain, how it worksCourtesy of Skild AI · Press kit, editorial use (opens skild.ai)One of the many robot bodies Skild Brain drives: a pair of arms placing dishes in a rack, using the same model as its legged robots
- SpotPhoto: Jonte · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)
- Spot, how it worksPhoto: JJxFile · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Spot carrying a sensor payload, lidar and a pan-tilt camera, bolted to the rails on its back
- StretchCourtesy of Boston Dynamics · Press kit, editorial use (opens bostondynamics.com)Stretch at MODEX 2022, from Boston Dynamics' launch release
- Stretch, how it worksCourtesy of Boston Dynamics · Press kit, editorial use (opens bostondynamics.com)Stretch unloading a container: a suction-cup gripper lifts each box onto a conveyor while the wheeled base drives in
- Symbotic warehouse systemCourtesy of Symbotic · Press kit, editorial use (opens symbotic.com)Dense case storage structure of a Symbotic system
- Symbotic warehouse system, how it worksCourtesy of Symbotic · Press kit, editorial use (opens symbotic.com)Symbotic's wheeled bots racing along a level of the storage structure, fetching cases from the racks at the sides
- Unitree Robotics logoPhoto: Unitree · Public domain (opens commons.wikimedia.org)
- π model family, how it worksPhoto: Dzikra muhammad Imtiyaz · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)A lab robot arm on a wheeled base, not Physical Intelligence's: π models turn camera images and a spoken task into motions for robots like this
Spaceflight51
- AlphaPhoto: Glenn Beltz from Goleta, CA, USA · CC BY 2.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Alpha's first flight lifting off from Vandenberg, 2021
- Alpha, how it worksPhoto: Steve Jurvetson · CC BY 2.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Pieces recovered from Alpha's first flight: the outer skin and an inner rib, both woven carbon-fibre composite rather than metal
- AST SpaceMobile logoPhoto: AST SpaceMobile · Public domain (opens commons.wikimedia.org)
- Axiom StationPhoto: Axiom Space, Inc. · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Axiom's 2020 rendering of its modules on the ISS; the assembly plan has since changed
- Axiom Station, how it worksPhoto: NASA/Ben Smegelsky · Public domain (opens images.nasa.gov)Not Axiom's module: an Italian-built shuttle-era cargo module Axiom now owns, a riveted aluminium pressure hull like those Thales Alenia builds for Axiom
- Blue GhostPhoto: Blervis · CC BY 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Blue Ghost mock-up at the 2025 Space Symposium
- Blue Ghost, how it worksPhoto: NASA/Firefly Aerospace · Public domain (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Blue Ghost's own camera after landing: the lander's shadow, solar panel on top, stretches across the Moon with Earth overhead
- Blue MoonPhoto: NASA · Public domain (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Blue Moon MK1 in thermal vacuum testing at NASA Johnson
- Blue Moon, how it worksPhoto: NASA · Public domain (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Blue Moon Mark 1 in a NASA vacuum chamber: gold insulation wraps the tanks that must keep hydrogen liquid, with the legs around them
- Blue Origin logoPhoto: Blue Origin · Public domain (opens commons.wikimedia.org)
- BlueBird constellation, how it worksPhoto: NOAA · Public domain (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Not BlueBird: a US weather-radar test antenna made of flat tiles that steer beams electronically. BlueBird's 223 m² antenna is built from tiles like these
- DragonPhoto: NASA Johnson Space Center · Public domain (opens commons.wikimedia.org)
- Dragon, how it worksPhoto: SpaceX · CC0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)A Crew Dragon test capsule hovering on its SuperDraco engines, which sit in pods built into the capsule's walls
- EclipsePhoto: Blervis · CC0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Eclipse scale model at the 2026 Space Symposium
- Eclipse, how it worksPhoto: NASA · Public domain (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Not Eclipse: Northrop Grumman's earlier Antares first stage test-firing its kerosene engines on the pad; Eclipse's first stage replaces it
- ElectronPhoto: Scott Andrews · Public domain (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Electron lifting off from Mahia with an NRO payload, January 2020
- Electron, how it worksPhoto: NASA Kennedy Space Center / Rocket Lab · Public domain (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Electron's nine Rutherford engines firing at liftoff; each engine's fuel pumps are spun by battery-powered electric motors
- Falcon 9 & Falcon HeavyPhoto: NASA/Kim Shiflett · Public domain (NASA) (opens images.nasa.gov)
- Falcon 9 & Falcon Heavy, how it worksPhoto: SpaceX · CC0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)The nine Merlin engines under a flown Falcon 9 first stage, back in the hangar after landing for reuse
- Haven-1Photo: Blervis · CC0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Interior of the full-size Haven-1 mock-up, 2025 Space Symposium
- Haven-1, how it worksCourtesy of Vast · Press kit, editorial use (opens vastspace.com)Haven-1's full-size test structure at a Mojave test stand in 2025: the single module that is the whole station, with its domed window near the top
- Intuitive Machines logoPhoto: Intuitive Machines · CC BY 2.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)
- NeutronCourtesy of Rocket Lab · Press kit, editorial use (opens rocketlabcorp.com)Neutron first-stage top with the Hungry Hippo fairing
- Neutron, how it worksPhoto: Elon Musk · CC0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Not Neutron: SpaceX's Raptor test-fired on a stand in 2016. Neutron's Archimedes burns the same methane and oxygen and is tested the same way
- New GlennPhoto: U.S. Space Force photo by Gwendolyn Kurzen · Public domain (opens commons.wikimedia.org)
- New Glenn, how it worksPhoto: N2e · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)A BE-4, the methane engine New Glenn's booster uses seven of; the blue cover hides the nozzle, the pumps and pipes sit behind
- New ShepardPhoto: ThePenultimateOne · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)A flown New Shepard booster on display at EAA AirVenture Oshkosh, 2017
- New Shepard, how it worksPhoto: LunchboxLarry · CC BY 2.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)A flown New Shepard booster, scorched from reentry: the ring and fins at the top steer its fall, the legs at the base land it
- NovaPhoto: CarterFendley · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Nova's full-flow staged-combustion first-stage engine in a June 2024 hot-fire
- Nova-CPhoto: NASA/Aubrey Gemignani · Public domain (NASA) (opens images.nasa.gov)Full-size Nova-C model shown at NASA Goddard, 2019
- Nova-C, how it worksPhoto: NASA Marshall Space Flight Center / Intuitive Machines · Public domain (opens commons.wikimedia.org)The IM-1 Nova-C lander before launch: a tall body holding its super-cold methane and oxygen tanks, standing on six splayed legs
- Nova, how it worksPhoto: jurvetson · CC BY 2.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Not Nova: an RL10 engine whose ribbed chamber is a wall of tubes carrying cold hydrogen, the cooling trick Stoke uses for its upper stage's heat shield
- PelicanCourtesy of Planet Labs PBC · Press kit, editorial use (opens planet.com)Render
- Pelican, how it worksPhoto: Planet Labs, Inc. · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Not Pelican: a Texas race track seen by Planet's older SkySat, cars in the lots just visible; Pelican's sharper telescope resolves finer detail
- Rocket Lab logoPhoto: Rocket Lab · Public domain (opens commons.wikimedia.org)
- SpectrumCourtesy of Isar Aerospace · Press kit, editorial use (opens isaraerospace.com)Spectrum Flight 2 liftoff, Andøya
- Spectrum, how it worksCourtesy of Isar Aerospace · Press kit, editorial use (opens isaraerospace.com)Spectrum's second flight climbing from Andøya, Norway, in 2026: a high-latitude pad suited to polar orbits over open sea
- StarlinkPhoto: Official SpaceX Photos · CC0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Early v0.9 Starlink satellites stacked before deployment, 2019
- Starlink, how it worksPhoto: Tony Webster · CC BY 2.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)A Starlink flat-panel dish on a truck roof: an electronically steered antenna that follows satellites across the sky with no moving parts
- StarshipPhoto: Steve Jurvetson · CC BY 2.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)
- Starship HLSPhoto: Steve Jurvetson · CC BY 2.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)HLS nosecone prototype at Boca Chica, December 2020
- Starship HLS, how it worksPhoto: SpaceX · Public domain (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Starship HLS's docking system on a motion test rig: the ring Orion's crew will dock to before transferring down to the Moon
- Starship, how it worksPhoto: Brandon De Young · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)A sea-level Raptor, the methane engine that powers Starship, 33 of them under the booster
- Stoke Space logoPhoto: Stoke Space · Public domain (opens commons.wikimedia.org)
- Terran RCourtesy of Relativity Space · Press kit, editorial use (opens relativityspace.com)Render
- Terran R, how it worksPhoto: Steve Jurvetson · CC BY 2.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Not Terran R: SpaceX's Super Heavy flying back on its methane engines; Terran R's booster is meant to return the same way, to a ship at sea
- Vast logoPhoto: Vast · Public domain (opens commons.wikimedia.org)
- Vulcan CentaurPhoto: NASA/Ben Smegelsky · Public domain (opens commons.wikimedia.org)
- Vulcan Centaur, how it worksPhoto: NASA HQ PHOTO · Public domain (opens commons.wikimedia.org)The base of a Vulcan booster in the assembly building: the nozzles of its two BE-4 methane engines, covered for protection
- W-series capsulesCourtesy of Varda Space Industries / John Kraus · Press kit, editorial use (opens varda.com)W-1 capsule after landing in Utah, Feb 2024
- W-series capsules, how it worksCourtesy of Varda Space Industries / John Kraus · Press kit, editorial use (opens varda.com)Varda's W-1 capsule after landing in the Utah desert in 2024: its scorched heat shield took the hypersonic reentry, the parachute lines trail left
Vehicles34
- Apollo Go robotaxiPhoto: S5A-0043 · CC BY 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)
- Apollo Go robotaxi, how it worksPhoto: LN9267 · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)An Apollo Go RT6 testing in Hong Kong (cropped): the car is built around its sensors, with lidar and cameras in the roof line and nose
- Aurora Driver for trucksCourtesy of Aurora Innovation · Press kit, editorial use (opens aurora.tech)International LT with the second-generation Aurora Driver (2026)
- Aurora Driver for trucks, how it worksCourtesy of Aurora Innovation · Press kit, editorial use (opens aurora.tech)Aurora's sensor pod on a Peterbilt truck in the rain: cameras and radar in the housing, a spinning lidar on top
- BYD logoPhoto: D · Public domain (opens commons.wikimedia.org)
- CybercabPhoto: Daniel Lu · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)
- Cybercab, how it worksPhoto: Dllu · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Inside Cybercab: two seats and a screen, with no steering wheel and no pedals
- Full Self-Driving (Supervised)Photo: Votpuske · CC BY 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)The in-car FSD computer board that runs the software
- Full Self-Driving (Supervised), how it worksPhoto: Mliu92 · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)One of the eight cameras FSD drives with: a side camera set into a Tesla's front fender, looking backwards
- Gen-7 robotaxiPhoto: S5A-0043 · CC BY 2.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)An earlier-generation Pony.ai Lexus RX robotaxi in Guangdong, 2024
- Gen-7 robotaxi, how it worksPhoto: S5A-0043 · CC BY 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)A Pony.ai-driven Toyota Sienna shuttle in Singapore from above: lidars, cameras and radars on the roof; Gen-7 cars carry a cheaper kit
- Kodiak DriverPhoto: Votpuske · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)
- Kodiak Driver, how it worksPhoto: Votpuske · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Lidar, radar and cameras on an earlier Kodiak truck's cab roof; newer trucks carry them in pods where the mirrors go
- Lucid–Nuro–Uber robotaxiCourtesy of Nuro · Press kit, editorial use (opens nuro.ai)Robotaxi engineering vehicle on a highway
- Lucid–Nuro–Uber robotaxi, how it worksCourtesy of Nuro · Press kit, editorial use (opens nuro.ai)The Lucid Gravity robotaxi in Houston: a roof module carries the lidar, cameras and radar the Nuro Driver sees with
- May Mobility driverless servicePhoto: DontCallMeLateForDinner · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)A May Mobility Toyota e-Palette shuttle in Ann Arbor, 2026
- May Mobility driverless service, how it worksPhoto: City of Detroit · Public domain (opens commons.wikimedia.org)A May Mobility Toyota Sienna with lidar and cameras on the roof and bumpers
- OptimusPhoto: Ulkl · Public domain (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Optimus Gen 2 units on display in Stockholm, 2024
- Optimus, how it worksPhoto: Sikander · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Optimus from the side: electric actuators at every joint and a pair of many-jointed hands
- R2Photo: Lcaa9 · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)
- R2, how it worksPhoto: RudolfSimon · CC BY-SA 3.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)A small cylindrical lithium-ion cell taken apart: rolled electrode sheets and the steel can. R2's LG 4695 cells share the design, far larger
- Super e-PlatformPhoto: S5A-0043 · CC BY 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)BYD Han L EV, one of the first cars built on the Super e-Platform
- Super e-Platform, how it worksPhoto: Matti Blume · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)BYD's earlier Blade battery pack in a chassis display at IAA 2023; Super e-Platform uses a new, faster-charging Blade
- Tesla RobotaxiPhoto: JustAnotherCarDesigner · CC0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Cybercab, the purpose-built robotaxi now joining the Model Y fleet (display unit)
- Tesla Robotaxi, how it worksPhoto: Sikander Iqbal · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Tesla's HW3 self-driving computer: two Tesla-made chips run the driving network. Robotaxis run its successor, AI4
- Waymo OnePhoto: Daniel Lu · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)
- Waymo One, how it worksPhoto: 9yz · CC BY 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)The sensor dome on a Waymo Jaguar: a spinning lidar on top, cameras and radar around it, seeing 360° day and night
- Wayve AI DriverPhoto: Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport · Public domain (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Wayve's Jaguar I-PACE test car with its roof sensor pod, London 2022
- Wayve AI Driver, how it worksCourtesy of Source: Wayve · Press kit, editorial use (opens wayve.ai)A Wayve test car in London: the slim roof rack holds the cameras whose images one neural network turns into driving
- WeRide RobotaxiPhoto: Kk0521 · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)
- WeRide Robotaxi, how it worksPhoto: Tim Wu · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)WeRide Robobuses in Guangzhou, with sensors on every corner: the same driving software as WeRide's robotaxis, tuned to a bus
- Zoox logoPhoto: Zoox, Inc. · Public domain (opens commons.wikimedia.org)
- Zoox robotaxiPhoto: 9yz · CC BY 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)
- Zoox robotaxi, how it worksPhoto: Dllu · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens commons.wikimedia.org)Zoox from the end: sensor pods on all four corners, and no front or back, so it can drive either way