Raw MaterialsNickel, cobalt, manganese, lithium compounds
Receives refined precursor compounds, blended in precise ratios and heated to fuse into cathode crystals.
SynthesisHigh-temperature calcination
Precursors mixed in agitated reactors, calcined at 800–900°C to form NCMA oxide crystals. Temperature and atmosphere tightly controlled.
CoatingSurface treatment for stability
Cathode crystals coated with thin oxide layer (aluminium oxide) to prevent electrolyte degradation. Trace dopants improve cycle life.
Quality ControlTesting and shipment
Finished cathode tested for purity, particle size, density, electrochemical performance. Packed and shipped to battery makers.