LFP battery

A lithium-ion battery whose cathode is lithium iron phosphate: cheaper, safer and longer-lived, but lower in energy per kilogram.

• It avoids nickel and cobalt, whose cost and supply chains are the main headaches in other chemistries.
• Strong phosphate bonds hold oxygen tightly, so cells resist catching fire, and they typically last several thousand full cycles.
• Cells hold about 160–205 Wh/kg versus roughly 250–300 for high-nickel cells; packing cells directly into the pack recovers much of the gap.
• It dominates grid storage and roughly half of EV batteries, with most production in China; performance drops in deep cold.