ContactA passivated back contact
An ultra-thin oxide plus doped silicon on the back lets current out while stopping charges from recombining at the metal, the main loss in older cells.
CuttingQuarter-cut cells
Splitting each cell into four lowers the current in each piece, so less power is lost as heat in the wiring; Tongwei cites about 4 W per module.
PassivationSealing every surface
Front, back and cut edges are coated to heal broken silicon bonds, so fewer charges are lost where the crystal ends.
Two facesGlass on both sides
With glass front and back, the panel also turns light reflected off the ground into power, up to 90% as well as the front face.