Shapella upgrade enables withdrawals of staked ETH

Ethereum Foundation/Ethereum protocol upgrades

Shapella combined the Shanghai execution-layer and Capella consensus-layer upgrades and activated on 12 April 2023. For the first time, validators could withdraw staked ETH from the Beacon Chain back to the execution layer.

• Components: Shanghai (execution layer) + Capella (consensus layer) = Shapella.
• Activation: epoch 194048, 22:27:35 UTC on 12 April 2023.
• Primary feature: full and partial ETH withdrawals for validators; BLSToExecutionChange messages to update withdrawal credentials.
• Other improvements: new opcodes (PUSH0), COINBASE warming, initcode metering, state and block historical accumulators.