Rollup

A layer-2 network that executes transactions off the main chain and posts compressed data and results back to it.

• Thousands of transactions are batched and their data posted to the base chain, splitting one fee across all of them.
• Because the data sits on the base chain, users can reconstruct balances and withdraw even if the rollup operator vanishes or censors them.
• Optimistic rollups assume results are valid unless challenged within about 7 days; zk rollups attach a proof that is checked immediately.
• Most still rely on one company-run 'sequencer' to order transactions, and many keep upgrade keys, so they are less secure than the base chain.