Enhanced rock weathering (Brazil and U.S.) by Terradot: status and timeline

Enhanced rock weathering (Brazil and U.S.)

Permanently remove CO2 from the atmosphere through accelerated rock weathering while improving soil fertility and farmer income.

DeployStage 4 of 5

20,000+ hectares deployed as of Sept 2026. Brazil rice project covers 200,000+ hectares with Google.

Updated Sep 2026Checked 11 Oct0 updates this week

Milestones

Next · Brazil rice project reaches 200,000 hectares operational

Terradot founded within Stanford soil biogeochemistry lab2022Complete.
First rock applications in the field2023Complete.
Eion acquisition completedFeb 2026Complete.
Google announces largest-ever CDR purchase (200,000 tonnes)Sep 2026Complete.
Brazil rice project reaches 200,000 hectares operationalTarget 2027Not yet reached.
First Google carbon removal credits deliveredTarget 2029Not yet reached.

Most important updates

Upcoming

2027Brazil rice project reaches 200,000 hectares operational (next)
2029First Google carbon removal credits delivered

Current obstacles

Proving durability and permanenceVerifying carbon remains in soil (not released by tillage or oxidation) over decades requires long-term monitoring and rigorous protocols.
Mineral sourcing and costSourcing and grinding rock at scale requires capital-intensive quarry and processing infrastructure. Costs range $50–200 per tonne of removal.

Physics limits

Weathering speed depends on climateCold, dry climates weather rock slowly; tropical rain speeds it up. Regional variation requires matching deployment to local conditions.
Soil saturation limits uptakeSoils can only absorb minerals so fast; over-application reduces yields. Optimal rates are crop- and soil-specific.
Rock supply bottlenecks at scaleSilicate minerals are abundant, but at gigaton scales, transport and processing become limiting. Competing industrial uses raise costs.

How it works

4 parts

Mineral selection

Basalt and olivine

Basalt (iron-rich) suits weathered soils; olivine (magnesium-rich) suits younger soils. Selection depends on local chemistry and rainfall.

Application

Spreading on fields

Ground rock is spread at 10–50 t/ha during fallow or between crops using standard farm equipment, like spreading fertilizer.

Weathering

Decades-long carbon capture

Rain and soil microbes dissolve minerals, converting atmospheric CO2 into stable carbonate compounds in soil. Takes 10–50 years per application.

Co-benefits

Soil health and yields

Minerals release nutrients (Mg, K, Si) that improve soil fertility and crop yields, offsetting application costs.

Spec sheet

Spec	Enhanced rock weathering (Brazil and U.S.)
Hectares treated to date	20,000+^R (reported)
CO2 removed deployed	100,000+^R (reported)
Brazil project farmland	200,000+^R (reported)
Google CDR purchase by 2040	1,000,000^R (reported)
PhDs on staff	20+^R (reported)

^R reported by the company

Papers & demos

1 item

Jul 2024demo
Stanford biogeochemistry lab origins (opens news.stanford.edu)Terradot founded in Stanford's Soil and Environmental Biogeochemistry Lab, leveraging decades of rock weathering research.

Update log

2 updates

Sep 2026

Major: Google signs largest-ever carbon removal deal: 1M tonnes from Terradot's enhanced rock weathering project in Brazil by 2040PressCommercial

Feb 2026

Major: Terradot acquires Eion to expand enhanced rock weathering across North America and diversify mineral portfolioPressCommercial

About Terradot

The team behind Enhanced rock weathering (Brazil and U.S.)

Terradot

Enhanced rock weathering, carbon removal, ERW

Terradot uses enhanced rock weathering, spreading crushed rock on farmland to remove CO2 while improving soil. Founded at Stanford in 2022, it has secured offtakes from Google, Microsoft and Frontier, and acquired Eion to expand U.S. operations.

Deployed across 20,000+ hectares with 100,000+ tonnes CO2 removed, backed by $58.2M from Google, Doerr, Sandberg and Valor.
Sept 2026: Google announced Brazil rice project covering 200,000+ hectares with methane reduction and carbon removal.
Google buys 1M tonnes of carbon removal by 2040, largest CDR purchase. Also offtakes with Microsoft and Frontier.

terradot.earth (opens terradot.earth)Company profile →

Founded: 20224 yrs
Headquarters: United States
Status: Private
Valuation: $58MprivateJan 2024
Raised: $58M1 round
Last round: Series funding · $58M2024
Works in: AgricultureMicrobes & soil
Coverage: 1 program · 2 updateslatest 1 Sep 2026checked 11 Oct
Lead investors: GoogleJohn DoerrSheryl SandbergValor Capital
Customers: Google (opens terradot.earth)Microsoft (opens microsoft.com)Frontier (opens frontierclimatepledge.com)
Partners: Eion (opens eagletribune.com)
People: James Kanoff (opens news.stanford.edu)CEO & Co-founderScott Fendorf (opens news.stanford.edu)Chief Scientist & Co-founderSasankh Munukutla (opens news.stanford.edu)Co-founder

Spec

Enhanced rock weathering (Brazil and U.S.)

Hectares treated to date

20,000+^R (reported)

CO2 removed deployed

100,000+^R (reported)

Brazil project farmland

200,000+^R (reported)

Google CDR purchase by 2040

1,000,000^R (reported)

PhDs on staff

20+^R (reported)